Review Items - Immunology Review Items

Landmarks and osteology:

Skull

Mastoid process (N 4,8,13, TG 7-04A, 7-05A)
Pharyngeal tubercle (N6, N8, TG7-06)

Foramen magnum (N8, TG7-06)

Occipital condyles (N8, TG7-06)

Jugular foramen (N6, N8, TG7-08, TG7-06)

Hypoglossal canal (N6, N8, TG7-08, TG7-06)

Carotid canal (external opening) (N8, TG7-06)

Styloid process (N4, N8, TG7-04, TG7-06)

Mandible (N 15, TG TG7-04A)

Mental protuberance (N 2,15, TG TG7-03)

Inferior border of mandible (N 15, TG TG7-04A)

Angle of the mandible (N 15, TG TG7-04A)
Sternum (N 1, 185)

Jugular notch (TG 7-01)
Visceral skeleton (N 28,29,77, TG 7-01, 7-09)

Hyoid (body; greater & lesser horns) (N13, N77, TG7-09, TG7-25)

Thyroid cartilage

Laryngeal prominence

Cricoid cartilage

Trachea
First rib

Grooves for subclavian a. & v. (N186, TG4-04)
Transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae (N18, TG1-03)

Cervical triangles: (N 28, TG 7-02A, 7-02B)

Anterior
Muscular

Carotid

Submandibular

Submental
Posterior

Subclavian (omoclavicular)

Occipital

Deep cervical fascia: (N 35A,35B, TG 7-10, 7-11)

Superficial (investing) layer of deep cervical fascia
Infrahyoid (muscular) fascia
Visceral fascia (pretracheal & buccopharyngeal)
Carotid sheath
Prevertebral fascia

Muscles:

Platysma m. (N 26, TG 7-11, 7-16)
Sternocleidomastoid m. (N 27,28, TG 7-12, 7-16)
Infrahyoid (strap) mm. (N 28,29,31, TG 7-12, 7-13)

Sternohyoid m.

Omohyoid m. (superior & inferior bellies)

Sternothyroid m.

Thyrohyoid m.
Cricothyroid m. (and median ligament) (N 31,74,77, TG 7-13, 7-19)
Pharyngeal constrictor mm. (N65, N75, TG7-21, TG7-22, TG7-24)

Superior

Middle

Inferior
Stylopharyngeus m. (N65, N67, TG7-21, TG7-24)
Pharyngobasilar fascia (N67, TG7-21)
Intrinsic musculature of larynx

Posterior cricoarytenoideus

Lateral cricoarytenoideus

Thyroarytenoideus

Arytenoideus

Cricothyroid m. (and median ligament) (N31, N74, N77, TG7-13, TG7-26)
Anterior, middle, posterior scalene mm. (N28, N30, N32, TG7-15A, TG7-15B, TG7-17, TG7-18)
Prevertebral & scalene fascia (N35, TG7-10A, TG7-10B)
Interscalene triangle (N30, TG7-15)
Carotid sheath (review)

Thyroid gland: (N 74, TG 7-13, 7-14)

Lobes
Isthmus
Pyramidal lobe

Parathyroid glands (N 75, TG 7-14)

Miscellaneous:

Thyrohyoid membrane (N 77, TG 7-14)
Tracheoesophageal groove (N 76, TG 7-20)
Deep cervical lymph nodes (N 72, TG 7-74)

Pharynx: (N67, TG7-21, TG7-23)

Nasopharynx (TG7-22, TG7-23)

Nasal septum

Torus tubarius

Opening of auditory tube

Pharyngeal tonsil

Pharyngeal recess
Oropharynx (TG7-22, TG7-23)

Soft palate & uvula

Palatoglossal & palatopharyngeal arches (folds)

Tonsillar fossa

Palatine tonsil

Base of tongue & lingual tonsil

Glossoepiglottic folds
Laryngopharynx (N70, TG7-22, TG7-23)

Epiglottis

Laryngeal inlet (aditus)

Piriform recess

Entrance to esophagus

Laryngeal cartilages & joints:

(N77, N81, TG7-22, TG7-25, TG7-27, TG7-28)

Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage

Lamina
Epiglottic cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage

Vocal process
Cricothyroid joint
Cricoarytenoid joint
Interarytenoid notch

Interior of larynx: (N67, N80, N81, N82, TG7-22, TG7-27, TG7-28)

Aryepiglottic fold
Vestibule
Quadrangular membrane
Vestibular fold (false vocal fold)
Ventricle
Vocal fold (true vocal fold)
Vocal ligament
Glottis (Rima glottidis)
Conus elasticus
Infraglottis

Nerves

Glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX) (N71, N125, N130, N131, TG7-20, TG7-21, TG7-90)

Pharyngeal brs.

Carotid sinus n. (N131, TG7-90)
Vagus n. (CN X): (N126, TG7-20, TG7-21, TG7-91, TG7-92)
Pharyngeal brs. (N131, TG7-21)

Superior laryngeal n. (N74, N75, N76, TG7-21, TG7-26)

      External br. (N74, N75, N76, TG7-21, TG7-26)

      Internal br. (N67, N74, N75, N76, TG7-21, TG7-26)

Recurrent laryngeal n. (N74, N75, N76, TG7-21, TG7-26)

     Inferior laryngeal n. (N74, N75, N76, TG7-21, TG7-26)
Hypoglossal n. (CN XII) (N71, N128, TG7-20, TG7-21, TG7-94)
Recurrent laryngeal n. (right & left) (N75, N232, TG7-14, TG7-20)
Accessory n. (XI) (N71, N127, TG7-18, TG7-93)
Phrenic n. (N30, N193, TG4-18, TG7-15)
Cervical plexus (N71, N128, TG7-15, TG7-17)

Roots (C1-4) (N71, N128, TG7-15, TG7-17)
Cervical sympathetic trunk

Superior cervical ganglion (N129, N130, TG7-15, TG7-95)

Middle cervical ganglion (N129, TG7-15, TG7-95)

Carotid nn. (internal & external, plexus) (N130, TG7-15, TG7-95)
Brachial plexus (N30, N430, TG7-14, TG2-14)

Roots (C5-T1)

Trunks

Suprascapular n. (N424,N430, N477, TG2-14, TG2-13)

Dorsal scapular n. (N430, N477, TG2-14, TG2-13)

Long thoracic n. (N185, N430, TG2-14, TG2-13)
Cervical plexus

Cutaneous nn. (N 24,31,32,129, TG 7-11, 7-16A, 7-16B)

     Lesser occipital n.

     Great auricular n.

     Transverse cervical n.

     Supraclavicular nn.

Motor nn. (N 36,135, TG 7-12, 7-13)

     Ansa cervicalis

          Superior & inferior roots
Cervical branch of facial n. (CN VII) (N 29,51, TG 7-11, 7-30)
Vagus n. (X) (N 132, TG 7-14)

Superior laryngeal n. (N 78,79,80, TG 7-14, 7-20)

     External br. (N 74,75,76, TG 7-14, 7-20, 7-26)

     Internal br. (N 67,74,75,76, TG 7-14, 7-20, 7-26)

Recurrent laryngeal n. (N 74,75,76, TG 7-14, 7-26)
Hypoglossal n. (XII) (N 32 ,71,128, TG 7-13, 7-18)

Arteries:

Common carotid a.
Carotid bifurcation (N69, N136, TG7-19, TG7-71)

External carotid a. (N31, N32, N33, N34 N69, N136, TG7-19, TG7-71)

     Superior thyroid a. (seen previously) (N31, N32, N33, N34, TG7-13, TG7-14, TG7-25)

          Superior laryngeal a.

     Lingual a. (N31, N32, N33, N34, TG7-13, TG7-25, TG7-26)

     Facial a. (N31, N32, N33, N34, TG7-19, TG7-31, TG7-71)

     Occipital a. (N31, N32, N33, N34, TG7-71)

     Ascending pharyngeal a. (N31, N32, N33, N34, TG7-71)

Internal carotid a. (N69, N136, TG7-19, TG7-72)

     Carotid sinus (N130, N136, TG7-71)

     Carotid body (N130, N136, TG7-90)
Subclavian a. (N33, N136, TG7-15A, TG7-15B)
Vertebral a. (N33, N136, TG7-15, TG7-72)

Internal thoracic a. (N33, N136, TG7-15A, TG7-15B, TG4-09)

Thyrocervical trunk (N33, N136, TG7-15A, TG7-15B)
     Inferior thyroid a. (N33, N136, TG7-14, TG7-15A, TG7-15B)

     Transverse cervical a. (N33, N184, TG1-13, TG7-14, TG7-15A, TG7-15B)

     Suprascapular a. (N33, N427, TG2-15, TG7-14, TG7-15A, TG7-15B)
Costocervical trunk (N33, N130, TG7-14, TG7-15A, TG7-15B)

Dorsal scapular a. (N33, N410, TG2-09, TG7-14, TG7-15A, TG7-15B)

Veins:

Superficial vv.

External jugular v. (N 31,74, TG 7-11)

Anterior jugular v. (N 31,74, TG 7-11)

Communicating v. (N 31,74, TG 7-11)

Jugular venous arch (N 256, TG 7-11)
Internal jugular v. (N 31, TG 7-13)

Pharyngeal plexus of veins (N73, TG7-73)

Middle thyroid v. (N 74, TG 7-13)

Brachiocephalic v. (N70, N74, TG4-19)
Subclavian v. (N70, N75, TG4-19, TG7-14)

Lymphatics:

Deep cervical lymph nodes (superior & inferior groups) (N72, TG7-74)
Thoracic duct (N238, N239, N264, TG4-44, TG5-37)

Clinical Terms:

Goiter
Tracheostomy
Cricothyrotomy
Thyroidectomy
Thyroglossal duct cyst
Torticollis
Subclavian "stick"/central venous line catheterization
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Cervical rib
Scalenus anticus syndrome
Subclavian steal syndrome
Virchow's node
Radical neck dissection
Carotid stenosis & endarterectomy
Horner's syndrome
Tonsillitis
Quinsy
Tonsillectomy
Adnenoidectomy
Laryngectomy
Zenker's diverticulum
Heimlich maneuver